Saliva antibody-fingerprint of reactivated latent viruses after mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 is unique in patients with myalgic-encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome [Elektronisk resurs]
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Apostolou, Eirini (författare)
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Rizwan, Muhammad (författare)
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Moustardas, Petros (författare)
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Sjögren, Per (författare)
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Bertilson, Bo Christer (författare)
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Bragée, Björn (författare)
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Polo, Olli (författare)
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Rosén, Anders (författare)
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Linköpings universitet Institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper (utgivare)
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Linköpings universitet Medicinska fakulteten (utgivare)
- Publicerad: Frontiers Media SA, 2022
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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http://www.liu.se (Värdpublikation)
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- Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease considered to be triggered by viral infections in a majority of cases. Symptoms overlap largely with those of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/long-COVID implying common pathogenetic mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 infection is risk factor for sustained latent virus reactivation that may account for the symptoms of post-viral fatigue syndromes. The aim of this study was first to investigate whether patients with ME/CFS and healthy donors (HDs) differed in their antibody response to mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondly, to analyze whether COVID-19 imposes latent virus reactivation in the cohorts. Methods Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed in plasma and saliva from non-vaccinated ME/CFS (n=95) and HDs (n=110) using soluble multiplex immunoassay. Reactivation of human herpesviruses 1-6 (HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6), and human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) was detected by anti-viral antibody fingerprints in saliva. Results At 3-6 months after mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific antibodies in saliva were substantially induced signifying a strong reactivation of latent viruses (EBV, HHV6 and HERV-K) in both cohorts. In patients with ME/CFS, antibody responses were significantly stronger, in particular EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) IgG were elevated in patients with ME/CFS, but not in HDs. EBV-VCA IgG was also elevated at baseline prior to SARS-infection in patients compared to HDs. Conclusion Our results denote an altered and chronically aroused anti-viral profile against latent viruses in ME/CFS. SARS-CoV-2 infection even in its mild/asymptomatic form is a potent trigger for reactivation of latent herpesviruses (EBV, HHV6) and endogenous retroviruses (HERV-K), as detected by antibody fingerprints locally in the oral mucosa (saliva samples). This has not been shown before because the antibody elevation is not detected systemically in the circulation/plasma.
Ämnesord
- Medical and Health Sciences (hsv)
- Basic Medicine (hsv)
- Immunology in the medical area (hsv)
- Medicin och hälsovetenskap (hsv)
- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper (hsv)
- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv)
Genre
- government publication (marcgt)
Indexterm och SAB-rubrik
- COVID-19; latent virus; herpesvirus reactivation; myalgic encephalomyelitis; chronic fatigue syndrome; ME; CFS; EBV; HERV; HHV6A
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Frontiers in Immunology