Materials science for dentistry / B.W. Darvell.
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Darvell, B. W. (Brian William), 1948- (författare)
- ISBN 9780081010358
- 10th edtion.
- Publicerad: Duxford, United Kingdom ; Woodhead Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier, [2018]
- Engelska xxv, 813 pages
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Serie: Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials
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- Note continued: Stress Concentration, Fracture Toughness, Brittleness -- 1. Oxidizing Agents -- Hypochlorite, Pad, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ozone, Iodine, Iodoform, Silver, Perborate, Percarbonate, Calcium Peroxide -- 2. Endodontic Irrigants -- Edta, Citric Acid, Chlorhexidene -- 3. Aldehydes -- Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde -- 4. Calcium Hydroxide -- Liner, Pulp Cap -- 5. Zinc Oxide -- Denture Retention Paste -- 6. Evaporative Cooling -- Vitality Testing -- 1. Air-Turbine Handpiece -- Speed, Torque, Power, Lubrication -- 2. Light-Emitting Diodes -- Diode, Led, Photodiode.
- Note continued: Passivation Process, Al, Cr, Ti, Risks -- 6. Other Factors -- Stress Corrosion, Electrode Potential, Rough Surfaces, Effect Of Polishing, Tarnish -- 7. Deliberate Corrosion -- Electropolishing, Etching, Mechanical Key, Plating -- 1. Basic Setting Reactions -- Ag-Sn, Ag-Hg, Hg-Sn, Effect Of Cu, Strength, Ag-Cu-Hg-Sn Constitution -- 2. Alloy Powder Manufacture -- Turning, Milling, Atomization -- 3. Cooling Rate And Constitution -- Presence Of Eutectic, Coring, Effects On Setting, Homogenization, Pre-Amalgamation -- 4. Mixing Proportions -- Gauging And Dilatancy, Mercury Requirements -- 5. Constitution Of Set Amalgam -- Metallography, Effect Of Heat -- 6. Dimensional Changes -- Causes, Effects, Factors Affecting, Zn, Creep -- 7. Mechanical Properties -- Creep, Temperature Effects -- 8. Porosity -- Causes, Strength, Pins -- 9. Corrosion -- Multiphase, Gamma-2, Cu, Alloy Tarnish -- 10. Quality Of Work -- Dependence Of Performance On Care Taken -- 1. Amalgamation -- History, Trituration, Machine Mixing -- 2. Amalgam Mixer Analysis -- Energy Required, Coherence, Power Rating, Length:amplitude Ratio, Need For Pestle -- 3. Other Capsule Products -- Viscosity, Proportion Accuracy -- 4. Alginate Proportioning -- Powder And Water, Propagation Of Errors -- 5. Tubes -- Impression Materials, Settling -- 6. Other Powder-Liquid Products -- Proportioning, Mixing -- 7. Theory -- Turbulence, Shearing, Baker&Aposs Transformation, Diffusion, Effect On Properties -- 8. Spatulas -- Mechanical And Chemical Considerations -- 1. Chemistry -- Chemistry, Melting, General Description -- 2. Properties -- Thermal Expansion, Modulus Of Elasticity, Residue -- 3. Flow -- Measuring, Temperature Sensitivity, Pseudoplasticity, Residual Stress -- 4. Burn Out -- Purpose, Requirements -- 5. Impression Compound -- Description -- 6. Other Applications -- Sticky Wax, Articulating Paper, Floss, Petroleum Jelly -- 1. Requirements -- Refractory, Expansion -- 2. Chemistry Of Silica -- Bonding, Polymorphs, Displacive And Reconstructive Transformations, Density, Dimensional Changes -- 3. Gypsum-Bonded Investments -- Silica Proportion, Expansion, Particle Size Effect, Undesirable Reactions, Limitations -- 4. Phosphate-Bonded Investments -- Reactions, Slag -- 5. Silica-Bonded Investments -- Setting, Properties -- 6. Ring Liner -- Purpose, Use, Expansion -- 7. Porosity -- Need For, Obtaining, Limitations -- 1. Models And Investments -- Requirements, Shear-Thinning, Vacuum -- 2. Metal Casting -- Wetting, Surface Tension, Viscosity, Oxidation -- 3. Physics Of Casting -- Centrifugal Machines, Casting Pressure, Surface Detail, Air Pressure, Vacuum -- 4. Dimensional Considerations And Defects -- Sources Of Change, Patterns Of Cooling, Causes Of Defects -- 5. Flame -- Diffusion And Premixed Types, Soot, Reducing And Oxidising Zones, Hazards -- 1. Gold Alloys -- Pure Gold, Ag-Cu, Ordered Phases, Superlattice, Coherency Strain, Colour, Precipitation Hardening, Ageing, Grain Refining, Related Alloys -- 2. Chromium Alloys -- Cr-Systems, Properties, Dissolved Carbon, Carbides, Thermal History, Sigma Phase -- 1. Background -- Complications Of Conditions And Substrates -- 2. Bonded Abrasives -- Process Of Abrasion, Temperature Effects With Polymers, Hardness, Lubricants -- 3. Cutting Tools -- Terminology, Comparison With Bonded Abrasives, Relative Hardness, Rubbing Wear -- 4. Erosion -- Differential Erosion, Grit Blasting, Energy, Ductile And Brittle Substrates, Liquid Honing, Air Abrasion, Specification, Micro-Abrasion -- 5. Electrolytic Polishing -- Current-Voltage Plot, Depth Of Plastic Strain -- 6. Roughness -- Definition, Waviness, Measures, Centre-Line Average -- 7. Heating -- Friction, Effect On Pulp And Materials -- 8. Diamond -- Characteristics And Use -- 1. Carbon Steel -- Structure, Carbon Solubility, C-Fe, Martensitic Transformation, Strength, Toughness, Steel Grades, Uses -- 2. Stainless Steel -- Basis, Properties, Structures, Heat-Affected Zone, Weld Decay, Pitting -- 3. Cermet -- Cutting Device Requirements, Wc-Co, Sintering, Formation Reactions, Assembly -- 1. Definitions And Conditions -- Soldering, Welding, Spot Welding, Energy Input, Melting Point Restrictions -- 2. Fluxes -- Purpose, Formulation, Reactions, Use Of Fluoride -- 3. Solder Design And Selection -- Properties, Limitations, Thermal Effects, Brazing -- 4. Amalgamation -- Comparison And Contrasts With Soldering -- 1. Work And Moment -- Basic Equations, Sign Conventions -- 2. Simple Beams -- Cantilever, Shearing Force And Moment Diagrams, Additivity, Equations, 3-And 4-Point Bend, Neutral Axis, Neutral Surface, Stress Distribution, Pre-Stress -- 3. The Second Moment Of Inertia -- Definition, Shape Factor, Flexural Rigidity, Additivity, Use In Design, Tubes -- 4. Deflections Of Loaded Beams -- Example Of Method, Cantilever, 3-And 4-Point Beams -- 5. The Finger-Spring Analysed -- Stepwise Treatment, Interpretation Of Result, Work Hardening -- 6. Coils & Braiding -- Benefits To Flexibility -- 7. Hand Instruments -- Design, Instability -- 8. Oscillation -- Linear, Rotary, Consequences -- 9. Buckling -- Modes, Hypodermic Needles -- 10. Fluid Mechanics -- Bernoulli Equation, Boundary Layer Separation, Impressions, Irrigation -- 1. The Sensation Of Colour -- Psychophysical Sensation, Matching, Colour Gamut, The Spectrum -- 2. The Chromaticity Diagram -- Geometry, Spectral Locus, Chromaticity Coordinates, Purple Line -- 3. Colour Specification -- Hue, Saturation, Grey Scale, Photometric Intensity, Reflectance, Other Colour Systems, Meaning Of White, Black And Grey, Led Colour -- 4. Colour Matching In Practice -- Principles, Dependence On Illuminant, Daylight, Tungsten And Fluorescent Lamps, Phosphors, Metamerism, Shade Guides, Surroundings, 'Aesthetic' Dentistry -- 5. Physics Of Light -- Reflection, Refractive Index, Specular Transmission, Diffusion, Scattering -- 6. Chemistry Of Colour -- Energy Absorption Processes, Delocalized Electrons, Conjugated Systems, Metal Complexes, Fluorescence, Hydroxyapatite, Dyes And Pigments -- 1. Structure -- Silicates, Porcelain, Glass, Alumina-Potash-Silica -- 2. Firing Reactions -- Potash Feldspar, Leucite, Kaolin, High-, Medium-And Low Fusing Porcelain -- 3. Alumina Strengthening -- Energy Of Crack Growth, Importance Of Bonding, Expansion Matching -- 4. The Firing Process -- Sintering, Trapped Air, Densification, Vacuum, Bubble Shrinkage -- 5. Strengthening Treatments -- Overglazing, Pre-Stress, Ion-Exchange, Crack Diagnosis, Thermal Shock -- 6. Metal-Ceramics -- Thermal Stress, Bonding, Mechanical Key -- 7. Colouring -- Metal Oxides -- 8. Boric Oxide -- Devitrification, Hydrolysis -- 9. Other Approaches -- Castable And Machinable Ceramics, Infiltration, Pressable Ceramics -- 10. Etching -- Hydrogen Fluoride Reactions, Problems -- 11. Zirconia -- Constitution, Strengthening, Difficulties -- 1. Atomic Structure -- Aufbau And Pauli Exclusion Principles, Characteristic X-Rays -- 2. X-Ray Generation -- Electron Volt, Wavelength Minimum, X-Ray Tube, Emission Spectra, Moseley&Aposs Law -- 3. Lambert&Aposs Law -- Linear Absorption Coefficient, Mass Absorption Coefficient, Calculation, Filtration, Rectification -- 4. Absorption And Scattering -- Absorption Edge, True Absorption, Fluorescence, Compton Effect, Coherent Scattering, Ionization -- 5. Radiographic Film Density -- Optical Density Vs. Exposure, Fog, Base Density, Working Range, Sensitivity, Contrast -- 6. Experimental Attenuation Coefficient -- Effective Mass Attenuation Coefficient -- 7. Screens -- Fluorescence, Intensification, Limitations -- 8. Image Properties -- Projection, Thickness Distortion, Inverse Square Law, Exposure Correction, Parallelism, Blurring, Heel Effect, Target Ageing -- 9. Alternative Imaging Techniques -- Xeroradiography, Photo-Stimulable Phosphor, Ccd, Tft -- 10. Digital Images -- Control, Grey Scale, Digital Representation, Calculation -- 1. Polyisoprene -- Rubber, Gutta Percha, Properties, Degradation, Vulcanization, Oxidation, Chicle -- 2. Polysaccharides -- Cellulose, Wet Strength, Absorbent Points, Bibs, Starch, Carboxymethylcellulose, Impression Plaster, Regenerated Cellulose, Acetate, Nitrate, Chition, Chitosan -- 3. Polypeptides -- Gut Sutures, Collagen Properties, Proteins, Structure, Ramachandran Plot, Silk, Yarns -- 4. Polyesters -- Poly(Glycolic Acid), Terylene, Dacron, Mylar -- 5. Epoxy Resins -- Setting, Manufacture -- 6. Butadiene Copolymers -- Polybutadiene, Nitrile Rubber, Styrene Butadiene, High-Impact Acrylic -- 1. Titanium -- Commercially-Pure, Twinning, Casting, Corrosion -- 2. Nickel-Titanium -- Transformations, Shape-Memory, Pseudoelasticity, Corrosion, Applications -- 3. Metal Forming -- Press-Forming, Hydraulic, Explosive, Superplastic, Electroforming, Wire -- 4. Pure Gold -- Use, Forms, Properties -- 5. Mirrors -- Requirements, Design -- 6. Mercury -- Properties, Spillage, Clean-Up, Storage, Copper Amalgam, Sensitivity -- 7. Beryllium -- Problems, Safety -- 8. Other Alloys -- Elgiloy, Lead-Tin -- 9. Silver -- Use, Composition, Corrosion -- 1. Shear -- Equivalence, Mohr&Aposs Circle, Meaning Of Strength, Poisson Strain -- 2. Plastic-Brittle Transition -- Behavioural Scale Factor -- 3. More Beam Mechanics -- Bend Strength, Composite Beams, Shear -- 4. More Filled Resins: Fibres -- Paul Mean, Long Fibres, Angulation, Critical Length -- 5. Fracture Mechanics.
- Machine generated contents note: 1. Initial Ideas -- Tension, Compression, Shear, Need To Define Properties -- 2. The Equations of Deformation -- Hooke's Law, stress, strain, proportional limit, Young's modulus, elastic limit, Poisson ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus -- 3. Plastic Deformation -- Yield Point, Necking, Strength Testing -- 4. Work of Deformation -- Toughness, Resilience, Flexibility -- 5. Modelling -- Mechanical Analogues, Strain Hardening, Physical Modelling, Friction -- 6. Strength Testing -- Direct Tensile, Indirect Tensile, Compression, Flexure -- 7. Griffith Criterion -- Critical Stress, Surface Energy, Size Effect, Structure Scale -- 8. Hardness -- Brinell Ball, Vickers Indenter, Knoop Indenter, Plastic Zone -- 9. Dynamic Behaviour -- Timescale, Time Constant, Relaxation Time -- 10. Impact -- Charpy, Izod, Notch Sensitivity, Impact Strength -- 11. Creep -- Flow, Atomic Diffusion, Activation Energy -- 12. Fatigue -- Load Cycling, Endurance Limit -- 13. Elastic Moduli -- Initial, Tangent, Secant, Average, Non-Hookean Behaviour -- 14. Comparative Properties -- Relative Values Of Different Classes Of Material -- 15. Ideality -- Limitations, Development -- 1. Basic Reactions -- Plaster, Dehydration, Setting -- 2. Mixing Liquid -- Bulk Density, Volume Fraction, Gauging Volume, Dilatancy, Mixing Volume, Wetting -- 3. Dental Products -- Plaster, Stone, Minimum Mixing Volume, Purity -- 4. Mixing Proportions -- Mass Fraction, Excess Water -- 5. Setting Dimensional Change -- Crystal Growth Effects, Density Change, Spherulites, 'Hygroscopic' Expansion -- 6. Setting Reaction -- Induction Period, Nucleation, Thermal Expansion, Exotherm -- 7. Modifiers -- Syngenite, Crystal Habit, Anti-Expansion Solution -- 8. Porosity -- Excess Water, Critical Porosity, Bubbles -- 9. Wet or Dry? -- Strength, Slurry Water -- 10. Storage -- Deterioration, Humidity, Setting Time, Strength; Hemihydrate, Dihydrate -- 11. Setting Time -- Gillmore Needle, Setting Rate, Working Time, Effect Of Temperature -- 12. Hardeners -- Surface Treatment, Mixing Liquid -- 13. Other Uses -- Plaster Casts, Surgical Applications -- 1. Basic Structure -- Addition And Condensation Polymerisation, Monomer, Copolymerisation -- 2. Configuration and Conformation -- Stereoisomerism, Tacticity, Bond Rotation, Energy Variation, Geometry -- 3. Viscosity -- Molecular Basis, Activation Energy -- 4. Glass Transition -- Crystallinity, Free Volume, Side Chains, Drawing, Orientation, Strain Hardening -- 5. Time-Temperature Equivalence -- Failure Envelope, Test Behaviour -- 6. Plasticizers and Cross-linking -- Water, Temperature Equivalence, Branching And Cross-Linking -- 1. First Thoughts -- Rate Of Deformation, Reversible Vs. Permanent Change, Relaxation Time -- 2. Elasticity -- Hookean Model -- 3. Newtonian Flow -- Boundary Layer, Shear Gradient, Coefficient Of Viscosity, Pure Flow -- 4. The Maxwell Body -- Elastic-Plastic Behaviour -- 5. The Kelvin-Voigt Body -- retardation time, time constant, damped flow, reversibility -- 6. Viscoelasticity -- Summation Of Effects, Continuum Of Behaviour -- 7. Classification of Flow Behaviour -- Newtonian, Plastic, Pseudoplastic, Shear Thinning, Dilatant, Thixotropic -- 8. The Compression Set Test -- Interpretation -- 9. Fillers -- Purposes, Mechanism, Effects, Settling, Powder Flow -- 10. Stokes' Law -- Application To Wax Viscosity Determination -- 11. Poiseuille's Law -- Flow Development In Tubes, Practical Implications -- 1. Polymerization Reactions -- Chain Initiation, Propagation, Termination, Transfer, Tacticity -- 2. Heat-cured Acrylic -- Benzoyl Peroxide, Shrinkage, Exotherm, Residual Monomer Need For Initiator, Trommsdorff Effect, Equilibria -- 3. Cold-cured Resins -- Activator, Tertiary Amines -- 4. Inhibitors -- Need, Mechanism -- 5. Cracks & Crazes -- Glass Transition, Viscoelasticity, Crazing -- 6. Modifications -- Water Absorption, Plasticizers, Cross-Linking -- 1. Direct Acrylic Resin Restorative Materials -- Setting, Discolouration, Compromises, Shrinkage, Temperature Effects, Structure -- 2. The Effects of Fillers -- Thermal Expansion, Matrix Constraint, Internal Stresses, Stress Freezing, Importance Of Bonding, Isostrain And Isostress Models, Modulus, Coupling Agents, Crack Growth -- 3. Filler Loading -- Differential Wear, Filler Selection, Volume Fraction, Product Variations -- 4. Resin Chemistry -- Bis-Phenol A, Bis-GMA, Mechanical Properties During Setting, Alternative Monomers -- 5. Light-Cured Materials -- Photolytic Initiation, Photosensitizer, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Hazards, Visible Light, Camphoroquinone, Amines, Curing Lights, Depth Of Cure, Heat, Alternative Photoinitiators -- 6. Oxygen Interference -- Free Radicals, Barriers, Bleaching Agents -- 7. Temporary Restoration Resins -- Pmma, Pema, Bisacryl, Epimine, Urethane -- 1. Basic Requirements -- Purpose, Compromises -- 2. Deformation -- Non-Hookean Behaviour, Failure, Cause Of Elasticity, Affine Deformation -- 3. Effects of Fillers -- Strain, Mullins Effect, Modulus, Importance Of Bonding -- 4. Polysulphide -- Chemistry, Setting, Stress Relaxation -- 5. Polyether -- Chemistry, Setting, Water Sorption -- 6. Silicones -- Chemistry, Setting, Condensation, Addition -- 7. Polysaccharides -- Basic Structure, Importance Of Hydrogen Bonds -- 8. Agar -- Chemistry, Structure Of Water, Structure Of Gels, Tempering -- 9. Alginates -- Chemistry, Setting, Gel Structure -- 10. Water Gain and Loss -- Sensitivity Of Gels, Synaeresis -- 11. Stress Set -- Bond-Exchange, Stress-Aided Reaction, Chain Effects -- 12. Other Accuracy Issues -- Molecular Processes, Physical Effects, Practical Matters -- 13. Mould Seal -- Sodium Alginate Solution -- 1. Plotting Composition -- Mixture Line, 3 Components, Multiple Components -- 2. States and Phases -- Definitions, Pressure-Temperature Diagram, Phase Field, Stoichiometric Phases -- 3. The Phase Rule -- Chemical Potential, Equilibrium, Degrees Of Freedom, Isothermal Tie-Lines, Lever Rule -- 4. Critical Points -- Two Liquids, Phase Separation, Ternary Liquid System, Plait Point -- 1. General Principles -- Types, Applicability -- 2. Zinc Oxide-Eugenol -- Chemistry, Setting, Alternatives -- 3. Background Chemistry -- Zinc Oxide, Oxide Selection, Acidity -- 4. Cements as Composite Materials -- General Principles, Effect Of Porosity -- 5. Zinc Phosphate -- Chemistry, Setting, Explanation Of Clinical Handling, Etching -- 6. Zinc Polycarboxylate -- Chelation, Network Structure, Adhesion -- 7. Ion-leachable Glasses -- General Chemistry, Role Of Aluminium, Fluoride, Silicates -- 8. Glass Ionomer Cement -- Chemistry, Glass And Acid Design, Setting Reactions, Cermet, Hybrids Water Status, Fluoride, Other Fillers -- 9. Film Thickness -- Fit Of Crowns, Geometry, Force Of Seating -- 10. Calcium Hydroxide Liners -- Purpose, Chemistry -- 11. Cavity Varnish -- Purpose, Fluoride -- 12. Hydraulic Silicate Cements -- Manufacture, Setting Reactions -- 1. Wetting -- Contact Angle, Surface Tension, Surface Energy, Crack Formation, Work Of Adhesion, Effect Of Roughness -- 2. Capillarity -- Meniscus, Capillary Rise And Depression, Bubble Pressure, Penetrativity, Porous Bodies, Closed Capillaries -- 3. Aspects Of Chemical Bonding -- Van Der Waals, Dipoles, Force Vs. Distance, Origin Of Strength, Thermal Expansion, Lability -- 4. The Hydrogen Bond -- Chemical Nature, Consequences -- 5. Dental Adhesives -- Types, Deficiencies -- 6. Enamel & Dentine Etching And Bonding -- Differential Etching, Cyanoacrylate, Urethane -- 7. Fluoride -- Types Of Preparation, Chemistry, Surface Energy -- 8. Surfactants -- Detergents, Wetting Agents -- 9. Wetting In Practice -- Contexts, Bubbles, Oil, Non-Homogeneity, Pinning, Drying For Bonding, Marangoni Effect, Cassie&Aposs Law, Denture Base Retention, Separating Agents -- 1. What Is A Metal? -- Metallic Bonding, Delocalized Electrons, Graphite -- 2. Freezing -- Cooling Curves, Supercooling, Critical Radius, Nucleation -- 3. Crystal Structure -- Space Lattice, Unit Cell, Face-Centred, Body-Centred, Hexagonal Close-Packed, Atom Counting, Stacking Layers, Solid Solution, Radius Ratio Limit -- 4. Grain Structure -- Grain Boundary, Grain Growth, Energy, Hall-Petch Relation -- 5. Slip -- Homogeneous, Preferred Directions, Ductility, Malleability, Energy -- 6. Dislocations -- Defects, Inhomogeneous Slip, Pile-Up, Strain Hardening, Cold Work, Annealing, Recrystallization, Strength -- 1. Segregation -- Continuous Solid Solution, Liquidus, Solidus, Freezing And Melting Partition, Equilibria, Annealing, Quenching, Cooling Curves -- 2. Metallography -- Use Of Polished Sections, Etching -- 3. Eutectics -- Ag-Cu System, Cooling Curves, Cored Structure, Solvus, Supercooling, Eutectoid -- 4. Phase Diagram Conventions And Layout -- Arbitrariness, Electron Compounds, Structure Types, Phase Labelling Convention -- 5. The Cu-Sn System -- Reading Reactions From A Phase Diagram, Eutectoids, Peritectoids, Heating Vs. Cooling -- 1. Basic Considerations -- Oxidation, Reduction, Anode And Cathode, Corrosion Cell, Galvanic Couple, Equilibrium, Plating Cell -- 2. Polarization -- Cause, Back E.M.F., Depolarization -- 3. Cathode Processes -- Electron Sinks, Oxygen, Ph Effects -- 4. Corrosion Protection -- Protective Plating, Sacrificial Plating, Paint, Oxygen Concentration Cell, Pitting And Crevice Corrosion, Inhibitors -- 5. Passive Metals.
Ämnesord
- Materiallära (sao)
- Odontologi (sao)
- Dental materials. (LCSH)
- Dental Materials. (MeSH)
- Materials Testing. (MeSH)
- Dental materials. (fast)
- Tandfyllningsmaterial (swemesh)
- Materialvetenskap (swemesh)
- Materials science (LCSH)
- Dentistry (LCSH)
- Teeth (LCSH)
Klassifikation
- RK652.5 (LCC)
- 2018 E-849 (NLM)
- WU 190 (NLM)
- 617.6/95 (DDC)
- Vke (kssb/8 (machine generated))
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