Materials science for dentistry / B.W. Darvell.

• Note continued: Stress Concentration, Fracture Toughness, Brittleness -- 1. Oxidizing Agents -- Hypochlorite, Pad, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ozone, Iodine, Iodoform, Silver, Perborate, Percarbonate, Calcium Peroxide -- 2. Endodontic Irrigants -- Edta, Citric Acid, Chlorhexidene -- 3. Aldehydes -- Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde -- 4. Calcium Hydroxide -- Liner, Pulp Cap -- 5. Zinc Oxide -- Denture Retention Paste -- 6. Evaporative Cooling -- Vitality Testing -- 1. Air-Turbine Handpiece -- Speed, Torque, Power, Lubrication -- 2. Light-Emitting Diodes -- Diode, Led, Photodiode.
• Note continued: Passivation Process, Al, Cr, Ti, Risks -- 6. Other Factors -- Stress Corrosion, Electrode Potential, Rough Surfaces, Effect Of Polishing, Tarnish -- 7. Deliberate Corrosion -- Electropolishing, Etching, Mechanical Key, Plating -- 1. Basic Setting Reactions -- Ag-Sn, Ag-Hg, Hg-Sn, Effect Of Cu, Strength, Ag-Cu-Hg-Sn Constitution -- 2. Alloy Powder Manufacture -- Turning, Milling, Atomization -- 3. Cooling Rate And Constitution -- Presence Of Eutectic, Coring, Effects On Setting, Homogenization, Pre-Amalgamation -- 4. Mixing Proportions -- Gauging And Dilatancy, Mercury Requirements -- 5. Constitution Of Set Amalgam -- Metallography, Effect Of Heat -- 6. Dimensional Changes -- Causes, Effects, Factors Affecting, Zn, Creep -- 7. Mechanical Properties -- Creep, Temperature Effects -- 8. Porosity -- Causes, Strength, Pins -- 9. Corrosion -- Multiphase, Gamma-2, Cu, Alloy Tarnish -- 10. Quality Of Work -- Dependence Of Performance On Care Taken -- 1. Amalgamation -- History, Trituration, Machine Mixing -- 2. Amalgam Mixer Analysis -- Energy Required, Coherence, Power Rating, Length:amplitude Ratio, Need For Pestle -- 3. Other Capsule Products -- Viscosity, Proportion Accuracy -- 4. Alginate Proportioning -- Powder And Water, Propagation Of Errors -- 5. Tubes -- Impression Materials, Settling -- 6. Other Powder-Liquid Products -- Proportioning, Mixing -- 7. Theory -- Turbulence, Shearing, Baker&Aposs Transformation, Diffusion, Effect On Properties -- 8. Spatulas -- Mechanical And Chemical Considerations -- 1. Chemistry -- Chemistry, Melting, General Description -- 2. Properties -- Thermal Expansion, Modulus Of Elasticity, Residue -- 3. Flow -- Measuring, Temperature Sensitivity, Pseudoplasticity, Residual Stress -- 4. Burn Out -- Purpose, Requirements -- 5. Impression Compound -- Description -- 6. Other Applications -- Sticky Wax, Articulating Paper, Floss, Petroleum Jelly -- 1. Requirements -- Refractory, Expansion -- 2. Chemistry Of Silica -- Bonding, Polymorphs, Displacive And Reconstructive Transformations, Density, Dimensional Changes -- 3. Gypsum-Bonded Investments -- Silica Proportion, Expansion, Particle Size Effect, Undesirable Reactions, Limitations -- 4. Phosphate-Bonded Investments -- Reactions, Slag -- 5. Silica-Bonded Investments -- Setting, Properties -- 6. Ring Liner -- Purpose, Use, Expansion -- 7. Porosity -- Need For, Obtaining, Limitations -- 1. Models And Investments -- Requirements, Shear-Thinning, Vacuum -- 2. Metal Casting -- Wetting, Surface Tension, Viscosity, Oxidation -- 3. Physics Of Casting -- Centrifugal Machines, Casting Pressure, Surface Detail, Air Pressure, Vacuum -- 4. Dimensional Considerations And Defects -- Sources Of Change, Patterns Of Cooling, Causes Of Defects -- 5. Flame -- Diffusion And Premixed Types, Soot, Reducing And Oxidising Zones, Hazards -- 1. Gold Alloys -- Pure Gold, Ag-Cu, Ordered Phases, Superlattice, Coherency Strain, Colour, Precipitation Hardening, Ageing, Grain Refining, Related Alloys -- 2. Chromium Alloys -- Cr-Systems, Properties, Dissolved Carbon, Carbides, Thermal History, Sigma Phase -- 1. Background -- Complications Of Conditions And Substrates -- 2. Bonded Abrasives -- Process Of Abrasion, Temperature Effects With Polymers, Hardness, Lubricants -- 3. Cutting Tools -- Terminology, Comparison With Bonded Abrasives, Relative Hardness, Rubbing Wear -- 4. Erosion -- Differential Erosion, Grit Blasting, Energy, Ductile And Brittle Substrates, Liquid Honing, Air Abrasion, Specification, Micro-Abrasion -- 5. Electrolytic Polishing -- Current-Voltage Plot, Depth Of Plastic Strain -- 6. Roughness -- Definition, Waviness, Measures, Centre-Line Average -- 7. Heating -- Friction, Effect On Pulp And Materials -- 8. Diamond -- Characteristics And Use -- 1. Carbon Steel -- Structure, Carbon Solubility, C-Fe, Martensitic Transformation, Strength, Toughness, Steel Grades, Uses -- 2. Stainless Steel -- Basis, Properties, Structures, Heat-Affected Zone, Weld Decay, Pitting -- 3. Cermet -- Cutting Device Requirements, Wc-Co, Sintering, Formation Reactions, Assembly -- 1. Definitions And Conditions -- Soldering, Welding, Spot Welding, Energy Input, Melting Point Restrictions -- 2. Fluxes -- Purpose, Formulation, Reactions, Use Of Fluoride -- 3. Solder Design And Selection -- Properties, Limitations, Thermal Effects, Brazing -- 4. Amalgamation -- Comparison And Contrasts With Soldering -- 1. Work And Moment -- Basic Equations, Sign Conventions -- 2. Simple Beams -- Cantilever, Shearing Force And Moment Diagrams, Additivity, Equations, 3-And 4-Point Bend, Neutral Axis, Neutral Surface, Stress Distribution, Pre-Stress -- 3. The Second Moment Of Inertia -- Definition, Shape Factor, Flexural Rigidity, Additivity, Use In Design, Tubes -- 4. Deflections Of Loaded Beams -- Example Of Method, Cantilever, 3-And 4-Point Beams -- 5. The Finger-Spring Analysed -- Stepwise Treatment, Interpretation Of Result, Work Hardening -- 6. Coils & Braiding -- Benefits To Flexibility -- 7. Hand Instruments -- Design, Instability -- 8. Oscillation -- Linear, Rotary, Consequences -- 9. Buckling -- Modes, Hypodermic Needles -- 10. Fluid Mechanics -- Bernoulli Equation, Boundary Layer Separation, Impressions, Irrigation -- 1. The Sensation Of Colour -- Psychophysical Sensation, Matching, Colour Gamut, The Spectrum -- 2. The Chromaticity Diagram -- Geometry, Spectral Locus, Chromaticity Coordinates, Purple Line -- 3. Colour Specification -- Hue, Saturation, Grey Scale, Photometric Intensity, Reflectance, Other Colour Systems, Meaning Of White, Black And Grey, Led Colour -- 4. Colour Matching In Practice -- Principles, Dependence On Illuminant, Daylight, Tungsten And Fluorescent Lamps, Phosphors, Metamerism, Shade Guides, Surroundings, 'Aesthetic' Dentistry -- 5. Physics Of Light -- Reflection, Refractive Index, Specular Transmission, Diffusion, Scattering -- 6. Chemistry Of Colour -- Energy Absorption Processes, Delocalized Electrons, Conjugated Systems, Metal Complexes, Fluorescence, Hydroxyapatite, Dyes And Pigments -- 1. Structure -- Silicates, Porcelain, Glass, Alumina-Potash-Silica -- 2. Firing Reactions -- Potash Feldspar, Leucite, Kaolin, High-, Medium-And Low Fusing Porcelain -- 3. Alumina Strengthening -- Energy Of Crack Growth, Importance Of Bonding, Expansion Matching -- 4. The Firing Process -- Sintering, Trapped Air, Densification, Vacuum, Bubble Shrinkage -- 5. Strengthening Treatments -- Overglazing, Pre-Stress, Ion-Exchange, Crack Diagnosis, Thermal Shock -- 6. Metal-Ceramics -- Thermal Stress, Bonding, Mechanical Key -- 7. Colouring -- Metal Oxides -- 8. Boric Oxide -- Devitrification, Hydrolysis -- 9. Other Approaches -- Castable And Machinable Ceramics, Infiltration, Pressable Ceramics -- 10. Etching -- Hydrogen Fluoride Reactions, Problems -- 11. Zirconia -- Constitution, Strengthening, Difficulties -- 1. Atomic Structure -- Aufbau And Pauli Exclusion Principles, Characteristic X-Rays -- 2. X-Ray Generation -- Electron Volt, Wavelength Minimum, X-Ray Tube, Emission Spectra, Moseley&Aposs Law -- 3. Lambert&Aposs Law -- Linear Absorption Coefficient, Mass Absorption Coefficient, Calculation, Filtration, Rectification -- 4. Absorption And Scattering -- Absorption Edge, True Absorption, Fluorescence, Compton Effect, Coherent Scattering, Ionization -- 5. Radiographic Film Density -- Optical Density Vs. Exposure, Fog, Base Density, Working Range, Sensitivity, Contrast -- 6. Experimental Attenuation Coefficient -- Effective Mass Attenuation Coefficient -- 7. Screens -- Fluorescence, Intensification, Limitations -- 8. Image Properties -- Projection, Thickness Distortion, Inverse Square Law, Exposure Correction, Parallelism, Blurring, Heel Effect, Target Ageing -- 9. Alternative Imaging Techniques -- Xeroradiography, Photo-Stimulable Phosphor, Ccd, Tft -- 10. Digital Images -- Control, Grey Scale, Digital Representation, Calculation -- 1. Polyisoprene -- Rubber, Gutta Percha, Properties, Degradation, Vulcanization, Oxidation, Chicle -- 2. Polysaccharides -- Cellulose, Wet Strength, Absorbent Points, Bibs, Starch, Carboxymethylcellulose, Impression Plaster, Regenerated Cellulose, Acetate, Nitrate, Chition, Chitosan -- 3. Polypeptides -- Gut Sutures, Collagen Properties, Proteins, Structure, Ramachandran Plot, Silk, Yarns -- 4. Polyesters -- Poly(Glycolic Acid), Terylene, Dacron, Mylar -- 5. Epoxy Resins -- Setting, Manufacture -- 6. Butadiene Copolymers -- Polybutadiene, Nitrile Rubber, Styrene Butadiene, High-Impact Acrylic -- 1. Titanium -- Commercially-Pure, Twinning, Casting, Corrosion -- 2. Nickel-Titanium -- Transformations, Shape-Memory, Pseudoelasticity, Corrosion, Applications -- 3. Metal Forming -- Press-Forming, Hydraulic, Explosive, Superplastic, Electroforming, Wire -- 4. Pure Gold -- Use, Forms, Properties -- 5. Mirrors -- Requirements, Design -- 6. Mercury -- Properties, Spillage, Clean-Up, Storage, Copper Amalgam, Sensitivity -- 7. Beryllium -- Problems, Safety -- 8. Other Alloys -- Elgiloy, Lead-Tin -- 9. Silver -- Use, Composition, Corrosion -- 1. Shear -- Equivalence, Mohr&Aposs Circle, Meaning Of Strength, Poisson Strain -- 2. Plastic-Brittle Transition -- Behavioural Scale Factor -- 3. More Beam Mechanics -- Bend Strength, Composite Beams, Shear -- 4. More Filled Resins: Fibres -- Paul Mean, Long Fibres, Angulation, Critical Length -- 5. Fracture Mechanics. 
• Machine generated contents note: 1. Initial Ideas -- Tension, Compression, Shear, Need To Define Properties -- 2. The Equations of Deformation -- Hooke's Law, stress, strain, proportional limit, Young's modulus, elastic limit, Poisson ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus -- 3. Plastic Deformation -- Yield Point, Necking, Strength Testing -- 4. Work of Deformation -- Toughness, Resilience, Flexibility -- 5. Modelling -- Mechanical Analogues, Strain Hardening, Physical Modelling, Friction -- 6. Strength Testing -- Direct Tensile, Indirect Tensile, Compression, Flexure -- 7. Griffith Criterion -- Critical Stress, Surface Energy, Size Effect, Structure Scale -- 8. Hardness -- Brinell Ball, Vickers Indenter, Knoop Indenter, Plastic Zone -- 9. Dynamic Behaviour -- Timescale, Time Constant, Relaxation Time -- 10. Impact -- Charpy, Izod, Notch Sensitivity, Impact Strength -- 11. Creep -- Flow, Atomic Diffusion, Activation Energy -- 12. Fatigue -- Load Cycling, Endurance Limit -- 13. Elastic Moduli -- Initial, Tangent, Secant, Average, Non-Hookean Behaviour -- 14. Comparative Properties -- Relative Values Of Different Classes Of Material -- 15. Ideality -- Limitations, Development -- 1. Basic Reactions -- Plaster, Dehydration, Setting -- 2. Mixing Liquid -- Bulk Density, Volume Fraction, Gauging Volume, Dilatancy, Mixing Volume, Wetting -- 3. Dental Products -- Plaster, Stone, Minimum Mixing Volume, Purity -- 4. Mixing Proportions -- Mass Fraction, Excess Water -- 5. Setting Dimensional Change -- Crystal Growth Effects, Density Change, Spherulites, 'Hygroscopic' Expansion -- 6. Setting Reaction -- Induction Period, Nucleation, Thermal Expansion, Exotherm -- 7. Modifiers -- Syngenite, Crystal Habit, Anti-Expansion Solution -- 8. Porosity -- Excess Water, Critical Porosity, Bubbles -- 9. Wet or Dry? -- Strength, Slurry Water -- 10. Storage -- Deterioration, Humidity, Setting Time, Strength; Hemihydrate, Dihydrate -- 11. Setting Time -- Gillmore Needle, Setting Rate, Working Time, Effect Of Temperature -- 12. Hardeners -- Surface Treatment, Mixing Liquid -- 13. Other Uses -- Plaster Casts, Surgical Applications -- 1. Basic Structure -- Addition And Condensation Polymerisation, Monomer, Copolymerisation -- 2. Configuration and Conformation -- Stereoisomerism, Tacticity, Bond Rotation, Energy Variation, Geometry -- 3. Viscosity -- Molecular Basis, Activation Energy -- 4. Glass Transition -- Crystallinity, Free Volume, Side Chains, Drawing, Orientation, Strain Hardening -- 5. Time-Temperature Equivalence -- Failure Envelope, Test Behaviour -- 6. Plasticizers and Cross-linking -- Water, Temperature Equivalence, Branching And Cross-Linking -- 1. First Thoughts -- Rate Of Deformation, Reversible Vs. Permanent Change, Relaxation Time -- 2. Elasticity -- Hookean Model -- 3. Newtonian Flow -- Boundary Layer, Shear Gradient, Coefficient Of Viscosity, Pure Flow -- 4. The Maxwell Body -- Elastic-Plastic Behaviour -- 5. The Kelvin-Voigt Body -- retardation time, time constant, damped flow, reversibility -- 6. Viscoelasticity -- Summation Of Effects, Continuum Of Behaviour -- 7. Classification of Flow Behaviour -- Newtonian, Plastic, Pseudoplastic, Shear Thinning, Dilatant, Thixotropic -- 8. The Compression Set Test -- Interpretation -- 9. Fillers -- Purposes, Mechanism, Effects, Settling, Powder Flow -- 10. Stokes' Law -- Application To Wax Viscosity Determination -- 11. Poiseuille's Law -- Flow Development In Tubes, Practical Implications -- 1. Polymerization Reactions -- Chain Initiation, Propagation, Termination, Transfer, Tacticity -- 2. Heat-cured Acrylic -- Benzoyl Peroxide, Shrinkage, Exotherm, Residual Monomer Need For Initiator, Trommsdorff Effect, Equilibria -- 3. Cold-cured Resins -- Activator, Tertiary Amines -- 4. Inhibitors -- Need, Mechanism -- 5. Cracks & Crazes -- Glass Transition, Viscoelasticity, Crazing -- 6. Modifications -- Water Absorption, Plasticizers, Cross-Linking -- 1. Direct Acrylic Resin Restorative Materials -- Setting, Discolouration, Compromises, Shrinkage, Temperature Effects, Structure -- 2. The Effects of Fillers -- Thermal Expansion, Matrix Constraint, Internal Stresses, Stress Freezing, Importance Of Bonding, Isostrain And Isostress Models, Modulus, Coupling Agents, Crack Growth -- 3. Filler Loading -- Differential Wear, Filler Selection, Volume Fraction, Product Variations -- 4. Resin Chemistry -- Bis-Phenol A, Bis-GMA, Mechanical Properties During Setting, Alternative Monomers -- 5. Light-Cured Materials -- Photolytic Initiation, Photosensitizer, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Hazards, Visible Light, Camphoroquinone, Amines, Curing Lights, Depth Of Cure, Heat, Alternative Photoinitiators -- 6. Oxygen Interference -- Free Radicals, Barriers, Bleaching Agents -- 7. Temporary Restoration Resins -- Pmma, Pema, Bisacryl, Epimine, Urethane -- 1. Basic Requirements -- Purpose, Compromises -- 2. Deformation -- Non-Hookean Behaviour, Failure, Cause Of Elasticity, Affine Deformation -- 3. Effects of Fillers -- Strain, Mullins Effect, Modulus, Importance Of Bonding -- 4. Polysulphide -- Chemistry, Setting, Stress Relaxation -- 5. Polyether -- Chemistry, Setting, Water Sorption -- 6. Silicones -- Chemistry, Setting, Condensation, Addition -- 7. Polysaccharides -- Basic Structure, Importance Of Hydrogen Bonds -- 8. Agar -- Chemistry, Structure Of Water, Structure Of Gels, Tempering -- 9. Alginates -- Chemistry, Setting, Gel Structure -- 10. Water Gain and Loss -- Sensitivity Of Gels, Synaeresis -- 11. Stress Set -- Bond-Exchange, Stress-Aided Reaction, Chain Effects -- 12. Other Accuracy Issues -- Molecular Processes, Physical Effects, Practical Matters -- 13. Mould Seal -- Sodium Alginate Solution -- 1. Plotting Composition -- Mixture Line, 3 Components, Multiple Components -- 2. States and Phases -- Definitions, Pressure-Temperature Diagram, Phase Field, Stoichiometric Phases -- 3. The Phase Rule -- Chemical Potential, Equilibrium, Degrees Of Freedom, Isothermal Tie-Lines, Lever Rule -- 4. Critical Points -- Two Liquids, Phase Separation, Ternary Liquid System, Plait Point -- 1. General Principles -- Types, Applicability -- 2. Zinc Oxide-Eugenol -- Chemistry, Setting, Alternatives -- 3. Background Chemistry -- Zinc Oxide, Oxide Selection, Acidity -- 4. Cements as Composite Materials -- General Principles, Effect Of Porosity -- 5. Zinc Phosphate -- Chemistry, Setting, Explanation Of Clinical Handling, Etching -- 6. Zinc Polycarboxylate -- Chelation, Network Structure, Adhesion -- 7. Ion-leachable Glasses -- General Chemistry, Role Of Aluminium, Fluoride, Silicates -- 8. Glass Ionomer Cement -- Chemistry, Glass And Acid Design, Setting Reactions, Cermet, Hybrids Water Status, Fluoride, Other Fillers -- 9. Film Thickness -- Fit Of Crowns, Geometry, Force Of Seating -- 10. Calcium Hydroxide Liners -- Purpose, Chemistry -- 11. Cavity Varnish -- Purpose, Fluoride -- 12. Hydraulic Silicate Cements -- Manufacture, Setting Reactions -- 1. Wetting -- Contact Angle, Surface Tension, Surface Energy, Crack Formation, Work Of Adhesion, Effect Of Roughness -- 2. Capillarity -- Meniscus, Capillary Rise And Depression, Bubble Pressure, Penetrativity, Porous Bodies, Closed Capillaries -- 3. Aspects Of Chemical Bonding -- Van Der Waals, Dipoles, Force Vs. Distance, Origin Of Strength, Thermal Expansion, Lability -- 4. The Hydrogen Bond -- Chemical Nature, Consequences -- 5. Dental Adhesives -- Types, Deficiencies -- 6. Enamel & Dentine Etching And Bonding -- Differential Etching, Cyanoacrylate, Urethane -- 7. Fluoride -- Types Of Preparation, Chemistry, Surface Energy -- 8. Surfactants -- Detergents, Wetting Agents -- 9. Wetting In Practice -- Contexts, Bubbles, Oil, Non-Homogeneity, Pinning, Drying For Bonding, Marangoni Effect, Cassie&Aposs Law, Denture Base Retention, Separating Agents -- 1. What Is A Metal? -- Metallic Bonding, Delocalized Electrons, Graphite -- 2. Freezing -- Cooling Curves, Supercooling, Critical Radius, Nucleation -- 3. Crystal Structure -- Space Lattice, Unit Cell, Face-Centred, Body-Centred, Hexagonal Close-Packed, Atom Counting, Stacking Layers, Solid Solution, Radius Ratio Limit -- 4. Grain Structure -- Grain Boundary, Grain Growth, Energy, Hall-Petch Relation -- 5. Slip -- Homogeneous, Preferred Directions, Ductility, Malleability, Energy -- 6. Dislocations -- Defects, Inhomogeneous Slip, Pile-Up, Strain Hardening, Cold Work, Annealing, Recrystallization, Strength -- 1. Segregation -- Continuous Solid Solution, Liquidus, Solidus, Freezing And Melting Partition, Equilibria, Annealing, Quenching, Cooling Curves -- 2. Metallography -- Use Of Polished Sections, Etching -- 3. Eutectics -- Ag-Cu System, Cooling Curves, Cored Structure, Solvus, Supercooling, Eutectoid -- 4. Phase Diagram Conventions And Layout -- Arbitrariness, Electron Compounds, Structure Types, Phase Labelling Convention -- 5. The Cu-Sn System -- Reading Reactions From A Phase Diagram, Eutectoids, Peritectoids, Heating Vs. Cooling -- 1. Basic Considerations -- Oxidation, Reduction, Anode And Cathode, Corrosion Cell, Galvanic Couple, Equilibrium, Plating Cell -- 2. Polarization -- Cause, Back E.M.F., Depolarization -- 3. Cathode Processes -- Electron Sinks, Oxygen, Ph Effects -- 4. Corrosion Protection -- Protective Plating, Sacrificial Plating, Paint, Oxygen Concentration Cell, Pitting And Crevice Corrosion, Inhibitors -- 5. Passive Metals. 

Ämnesord

Materiallära  (sao)

Odontologi  (sao)

Dental materials.  (LCSH)

Dental Materials.  (MeSH)

Materials Testing.  (MeSH)

Dental materials.  (fast)

Tandfyllningsmaterial  (swemesh)

Materialvetenskap  (swemesh)

Materials science  (LCSH)

Dentistry  (LCSH)

Teeth  (LCSH)

Klassifikation

RK652.5 (LCC)

2018 E-849 (NLM)

WU 190 (NLM)

617.6/95 (DDC)

Vke (kssb/8 (machine generated))