The online exploitation of copyright-protected content frustrates its effective enforcement. This is because the global reach of the internet stands in stark contrast to the territoriality principle of international copyright law, whereby each State determines whether and the extent to which content is protected within its own territorial borders. When protected content is exploited online, it has the potential to infringe in every State where the content is accessible. This poses a challenge for private international law because its rules are based on localizing connecting factors within a geographical territory. These rules can be difficult to apply in an online copyright case because the infringement can be ubiquitous. This chapter describes how the European Union (EU) rules on jurisdiction and applicable law apply to online copyright infringement cases and analyzes whether the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) interpretations of these rules fulfil the underlying objectives of private international law. Lastly, the chapter provides some perspectives for the future.