Introduction to polymer chemistry / Charles E. Carraher, Jr.

Carraher, Charles E., Jr. 1941- (author.)

ISBN 9781498737616
Fourth edition.
Publicerad: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2017]
Engelska xxvii, 560 pages

Innehållsförteckning Ämnesord

Stäng

Machine generated contents note: 1.1. History of Polymers -- 1.2. Why Polymers? -- 1.3. Today's Marketplace -- 1.4. Environmental Assessment -- 1.4.1. Environmental Impact Assessment -- 1.4.2. Ecological Footprint -- 1.4.3. Life Cycle Assessment -- 1.5. Managing Sustainability -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- General Encyclopedias and Dictionaries -- 2.1. Stereochemistry of Polymers -- 2.2. Molecular Interactions -- 2.2.1. Glass Transition and Melt Transition -- 2.2.2. Secondary Structures -- 2.3. Polymer Crystals -- 2.4. Amorphous Bulk State -- 2.5. Polymer Structure-Property Relationships -- 2.6. Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations -- 2.7. Cross-Linking -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Solubility -- 3.2.1. Basic Concepts -- 3.2.2. Theoretical Approaches to Solubility -- 3.3. Average Molecular Weight Values -- 3.4. Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems -- 3.5. Chromatography -- 3.5.1. General Chromatography -- 3.5.2. lon-Exchange Chromatography -- 3.5.3. Affinity Chromatography -- 3.5.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- 3.5.5. Electrophoresis -- 3.5.6. Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 3.5.7. Size Exclusion Chromatography -- 3.6. Colligative Molecular Weights -- 3.6.1. Osmometry -- 3.6.2. End-Group Analysis -- 3.6.3. Ebulliometry and Cryometry -- 3.7. Light-Scattering Photometry -- 3.8. Other Techniques -- 3.8.1. Ultracentrifugation -- 3.8.2. Mass Spectrometry -- 3.9. Viscometry -- 3.9.1. Solution Viscosity -- 3.9.2. Melted Polymer Viscosities -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 4.1. Polysaccharides -- 4.2. Cellulose -- 4.2.1. Paper -- 4.2.2. Paper Recycling -- 4.3. Cellulose-Regenerating Processes -- 4.3.1. Dissolving and Precipitation of Cellulose -- 4.3.2. Wrinkle-Free Fabric -- 4.4. Esters and Ethers of Cellulose -- 4.4.1. Inorganic Esters -- 4.4.2. Organic Esters -- 4.4.3. Organic Ethers -- 4.5. Starch -- 4.6. Other Polysaccharides -- 4.6.1. Glycogen -- 4.6.2. Dextrans -- 4.6.3. Chitin -- 4.6.4. Chitosan -- 4.6.5. Heparin -- 4.6.6. Hyaluronic Acid -- 4.6.7. Chondroitin Sulfates -- 4.6.8. Arabinogalactans -- 4.6.9. Carrageenans, Agar, and Agarose -- 4.7. Proteins -- 4.7.1. Basics -- 4.7.2. Primary Structure -- 4.7.3. Secondary Structure -- 4.7.3.1. Keratins -- 4.7.3.2. Silk -- 4.7.3.3. Wool -- 4.7.4. Tertiary Structure -- 4.7.4.1. Globular Proteins -- 4.7.4.2. Fibrous Proteins -- 4.7.4.3. Elastin -- 4.7.4.4. Membrane Proteins -- 4.7.5. Quaternary Structure -- 4.8. Nucleic Acids -- 4.8.1. Basics -- 4.8.2. Flow of Biological Information -- 4.8.3. Next Steps -- 4.9. Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes and Other Synthetic Elastomers -- 4.9.1. Balloons -- 4.9.2. Resins -- 4.9.3. Rosin and Related Materials -- 4.10. Lignin -- 4.11. Melanins -- 4.12. Polymer Structure -- 4.13. Genetic Engineering -- 4.14. DNA Profiling -- 4.15. Asphalt -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 5.1. Comparison between Polymer Type and Kinetics of Polymerization -- 5.2. Introduction -- 5.3. Stepwise Kinetics -- 5.4. Polycondensation Mechanisms -- 5.5. Polyesters and Polycarbonates -- 5.6. Synthetic Polyamides -- 5.7. Polymides -- 5.8. Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers -- 5.9. Polyurethanes and Polyureas -- 5.10. Polysulfides -- 5.11. Polyethers -- 5.12. Polysulfones -- 5.13. Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones -- 5.14. Phenolic and Amino Plastics -- 5.15. Synthetic Routes -- 5.16. Liquid Crystals -- 5.17. Microfibers -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 6.1. Cationic Polymerization -- 6.1.1. Kinetics of Cationic Polymerization -- 6.1.2. Poly(Vinyl Isobutyl Ether) -- 6.1.3. Polyoxymethylene -- 6.1.4. Poly(Ethylene Oxide) -- 6.1.5. Polyterpenes and Related Polymers -- 6.2. Anionic Polymerization -- 6.2.1. Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization -- 6.2.2. Cis-1,4-Polyisoprene -- 6.2.3. Living Polymers -- 6.3. Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry -- 6.4. Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts -- 6.5. Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis -- 6.6. Polyethylenes -- 6.6.1. Introduction Polyethylenes -- 6.6.2. High-Density Polyethylene -- 6.6.3. Linear Low-Density Polyethylene -- 6.6.4. Very-Low-Density Polyethylene -- 6.6.5. Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene -- 6.6.6. Ultralinear Polyethylene -- 6.6.7. Cross-Linked Polyethylene -- 6.6.8. Medium-Density Polyethylene -- 6.6.9. Polymethylene -- 6.6.10. Shopping Bags -- 6.7. Polypropylene -- 6.7.1. History -- 6.7.2. Stereospecific Structures -- 6.7.3. Early Production -- 6.7.4. Forms of Polypropylene -- 6.8. Polymers from 1,4-Dienes -- 6.8.1. Introduction -- 6.8.2. Butadiene Rubber -- 6.8.3. ABS -- 6.8.4. High-Impact Polystyrene -- 6.8.5. Polyisoprene -- 6.8.6. Polychloroprene -- 6.9. Polyisobutylene -- 6.10. Metathesis Reactions -- 6.11. Zwitterionic Polymerization -- 6.12. Isomerization Polymerization -- 6.13. Precipitation Polymerization -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 7.1. Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization -- 7.2. Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization -- 7.3. Chain Transfer -- 7.4. Polymerization Techniques -- 7.4.1. Bulk Polymerization -- 7.4.2. Suspension Polymerization -- 7.4.3. Solution Polymerization -- 7.4.4. Emulsion Polymerization -- 7.5. Fluorine-Containing Polymers -- 7.5.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 7.5.2. Poly(Vinyl Fluoride) -- 7.5.3. Other Fluorine-Containing Polymers -- 7.6. Polystyrene -- 7.7. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) -- 7.8. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) -- 7.9. Polyacrylonitrile -- 7.10. Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization -- 7.11. Plasma Polymerizations -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 8.1. Kinetics of Copolymerization -- 8.2. The Q-e Scheme -- 8.3. Commercial Copolymers -- 8.4. Block Copolymers -- 8.5. Graft Copolymers -- 8.6. Elastomers -- 8.6.1. General -- 8.6.2. Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 8.6.3. SBR Copolymers -- 8.6.4. Sales and Flammability -- 8.7. Blends -- 8.7.1. General -- 8.7.2. Immiscible Blends -- 8.7.3. Immiscible Blends: Remainder of the Section on Immiscible Blends -- 8.7.4. Miscible Blends -- 8.8. Polymer Mixtures: IPNs and Alloys -- 8.9. Dendrites -- 8.10. lonomers -- 8.11. Fluoroelastomers -- 8.12. Nitrile Rubber -- 8.12.1. Laboratory Gloves -- 8.13. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers -- 8.14. EPDM Rubber -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms -- 9.3. Condensation Organometallic Polymers -- 9.4. Coordination Polymers -- 9.5. Addition Polymers -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Portland Cement -- 10.3. Other Cements -- 10.4. Silicates -- 10.4.1. Network -- 10.4.2. Layer -- 10.4.3. Chain -- 10.5. Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) -- 10.5.1. Kinds of Glass -- 10.5.2. Safety Glass -- 10.5.3. New Applications of Glass -- 10.5.4. Seeing Glass Lenses -- 10.6. Sol-Gel -- 10.6.1. Aerogels -- 10.7. Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms): Quartz Forms -- 10.8. Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips -- 10.9. Asbestos -- 10.10. Fly Ash and Aluminosilicates -- 10.11. Polymeric Carbon: Diamond -- 10.12. Polymeric Carbon: Graphite -- 10.13. Internal Cyclization: Carbon Fibers and Related Materials -- 10.14. Carbon Nanotubes -- 10.14.1. General -- 10.14.2. Structures -- 10.14.3. Properties -- 10.14.3.1. Electrical -- 10.14.3.2. Mechanical -- 10.14.3.3. Field Emission -- 10.14.3.4. Hydrogen and Ion Storage -- 10.14.3.5. Chemical and Genetic Probes -- 10.14.3.6. Analytical Tools -- 10.14.3.7. Superconductors -- 10.14.4. Health Issues -- 10.14.5. Potential -- 10.15. Bitumens -- 10.16. Carbon Black -- 10.17. Polysulfur -- 10.18. Ceramics -- 10.19. High Temperature Superconductors -- 10.19.1. Discovery of the 123-Compound -- 10.19.2. Structure of the 123-Compound -- 10.20. Zeolites -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 11.1. Reactions with Polyolefins and Polyenes -- 11.2. Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups -- 11.3. Degradation -- 11.4. Cross-Linking -- 11.5. Reactivities of End Groups -- 11.6. Supramolecules and Self-Assembly -- 11.7. Transfer and Retention of Oxygen -- 11.8. Nature's Macromolecular Catalysts -- 11.9. Photosynthesis -- 11.9.1. General -- 11.9.2. Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria -- 11.9.3. Green Sulfur Bacteria -- 11.10. Mechanisms of Physical Energy Absorption -- 11.11. Breakage of Polymeric Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 12.1. Spectronic Characterization of Polymers -- 12.1.1. Infrared Spectroscopy -- 12.1.2. Raman Spectroscopy -- 12.1.3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 12.1.4. NMR Applications -- 12.1.5. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 12.1.6. X-Ray Spectroscopy -- 12.2. Surface Characterization -- 12.2.1. Attenuated Total Reflectance -- 12.2.2. Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 12.2.3. Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy -- 12.2.4. Electron Microscopy -- 12.2.5. Scanning Probe Microscopy -- 12.2.6. Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy -- 12.2.7. Superresolution Fluorescence Microscopy.
Note continued: 12.3. Amorphous Region Determinations -- 12.4. Thermal Analysis -- 12.5. Thermal Property Tests -- 12.5.1. Thermal Conductivity -- 12.5.2. Thermal Expansion -- 12.5.3. Glass Transition Temperatures -- 12.6. Flammability -- 12.7. Electrical Properties: Theory -- 12.8. Electric Measurements -- 12.9. Weatherability -- 12.10. Optical Property Tests -- 12.10.1. Index of Refraction -- 12.10.2. Optical Clarity -- 12.10.3. Absorption and Reflectance -- 12.11. Chemical Resistance -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 13.1. Rheology -- 13.1.1. Rheology and Physical Tests -- 13.1.2. Response Time -- 13.2. Typical Stress-Strain Behavior -- 13.3. Stress-Strain Relationships -- 13.4. Specific Physical Tests -- 13.4.1. Tensile Strength -- 13.4.2. Tensile Strength of Inorganic and Metallic Fibers and Whiskers -- 13.4.3. Hardness -- 13.4.4. Failure -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 14.1. Fillers -- 14.2. Reinforcements -- 14.2.1. Fibers and Resins -- 14.2.2. Applications -- 14.3. Nanocomposites -- 14.4. Plasticizers -- 14.5. Antioxidants -- 14.6. Heat Stabilizers -- 14.7. Ultraviolet Stabilizers -- 14.8. Flame Retardants -- 14.9. Colorants -- 14.10. Curing Agents -- 14.11. Antistatic Agents: Antistats -- 14.12. Chemical Blowing Agents -- 14.13. Compatibilizers -- 14.14. Impact Modifiers -- 14.15. Processing Aids -- 14.16. Lubricants -- 14.17. Microorganism Inhibitors -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 15.1. Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks -- 15.2. Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization -- 15.3. Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers -- 15.4. Search for Less Expensive Feedstocks -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading -- 16.1. Polymer Processing -- 16.1.1. General -- 16.1.2. Secondary Structures: Mesophases -- 16.2. Fibers -- 16.2.1. Polymer Processing: Spinning and Fiber Production -- 16.2.1.1. Introduction -- 16.2.1.2. Melt Spinning -- 16.2.1.3. Dry Spinning -- 16.2.1.4. Wet Spinning -- 16.3. Elastomers -- 16.3.1. Elastomer Processing -- 16.4. Films and Sheets -- 16.4.1. Calendering -- 16.5. Polymeric Foams -- 16.6. Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and Laminates -- 16.6.1. Composites -- 16.6.2. Particle-Reinforced Composites: Large-Particle Composites -- 16.6.3. Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 16.6.4. Processing of Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- 16.6.5. Structural Composites -- 16.6.6. Laminating -- 16.7. Molding -- 16.7.1. Injection Molding -- 16.7.2. Blow Molding -- 16.7.3. Rotational Molding -- 16.7.4. Compression and Transfer Molding -- 16.7.5. Thermoforming -- 16.8. Casting -- 16.9. Extrusion -- 16.9.1. Processing -- 16.9.2. Rainwear -- 16.10. Coatings -- 16.11. Adhesives -- 16.12. Conductive Polymeric Materials -- 16.12.1. Photoconductive and Photonic Polymers -- 16.12.2. Electrically Conductive Polymers -- 16.13. Drug Design and Activity -- 16.14. Synthetic Biomedical Polymers -- 16.15. Dental Materials -- 16.16. Emerging Polymers -- 16.17. Green Materials -- Summary -- Glossary -- Exercises -- Further Reading.

Ämnesord

Polymers. (LCSH)
Polymerization. (LCSH)
Polymerization. (fast)
Polymers. (fast)
Makromolekulare Chemie (gnd)
Polymere (gnd)
Polymerisation (gnd)

Klassifikation

QD381 (LCC)
547/.7 (DDC)
Ucebh (kssb/8 (machine generated))

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